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Sensory Strabismus: When Does it Happen and Which Way Do They Turn?

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be addressed to: Susan A. Havertape, D.B.O., C.O., Saint Louis University Eye Institute, 1755 South Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63104

Sensory strabismus may be horizontal, vertical or torsional in nature, or any combination of these but by far the most common form is horizontal. What causes the eyes to become esotropic rather than exotropic with the loss or impairment of vision, and are we able to predict which way they will turn? This review of the literature, followed by a review of patients with sensory strabismus indicates that although the literature may be contradictory, there is a strong tendency for patients with congenital vision loss to develop sensory esotropia and for those with acquired vision loss, as young as 22 months of age, to develop sensory exotropia.

Key words: Sensory strabismus, esotropia, exotropia, cataract