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Fusion Exercises for Treatment of Intermittent Exotropia and Phoria

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be addressed to: Zoran Pejic, C.O., Singapore National Eye Centre, Kandang Kerbau Women and Children’s Hospital, Singapore. e-mail: orfeos{at}starhub.net.sg

Introduction: Fusion exercises have been used in the management of intermittent exotropia (X(T)) for over one hundred years. The opinions regarding their efficacy are controversial.

Patients and Method: Dynamics of binocular status were investigated retrospectively in ninety-six patients with X(T). Forty-eight subjects had specific orthoptic treatment (treatment group). Forty-eight had no orthoptic treatment (control group). Both groups were matched for age, sex, and race. The orthoptic treatment consisted of a cat stereogram, home-based fusion exercises, which patients were asked to perform twice daily.

Results: The treatment group showed significant enhancement of binocular function, particularly control of strabismus and stereoacuity for distance. The control group showed further deterioration of binocular functions.

Conclusion: Our results suggest patients with X(T) objectively improve their binocular function after fusion exercises.

Key words: intermittent exotropia [X(T)], near point of convergence (NPC), fusional vergence (FV), stereoacuity, binocular single vision (BVA)