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Amer. Orthoptic Jrnl. 58(1):99-107 (2008); doi:10.3368/aoj.58.1.99
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Historical Vignette: Peter Ludvig Panum (1820–1885), Danish Physician and Physiologist

Gill Roper-Hall, D.B.O.T., C.O., C.O.M.T.1 and Heidi Jørgensen, D.B.O.2

1 From the Saint Louis University Eye Institute, St. Louis, Missouri,
2 the Roskilde Hospital Eye Department, Roskilde, Denmark

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be addressed to: Gill Roper-Hall, D.B.O.T., C.O., C.O.M.T., Saint Louis University Eye Institute, 1755 S. Grand Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63104; e-mail:grh{at}slu.edu

Key words: Peter Ludvig Panum, Panum’s fusional area, Panum’s limiting case, retinal correspondence, stereopsis, Panum Institute, Panum Library, measles epidemic, blood transfusion, endotoxin, historical article


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 REFERENCES
 

  1. Gafafer WM: Bibliographical biography of Peter Ludvig Panum (1820–1885), epidemiologist and physiologist. Bull Inst Hist Med 1934; 2:259–280. (Includes Panum’s complete bibliography.)
  2. Gjedde A: Peter Ludvig Panum (1820–1885). Ugeskr Laeger 2007; 169:2862. (Translation by co-author.)[Medline]
  3. Petersen J: Obituary on Peter Ludvig Panum. Nord Med Ark 1885; 17: 1–14.
  4. Pamas J: Peter Ludvig Panum: Great Danish pathologist and discoverer of endotoxin. Dan Med Bull 1976; 23: 143–146.[Medline]
  5. Moeller-Christensen W: Panum Institute bears a great man’s name (Peter Ludvig Panum). Ugeskr Laeger 1970; 17: 1542–1545. (Translation by coauthor.)[Medline]
  6. Lund K: Ak, det war en herlig tid [Oh, those were the times]. Dagens Medicin, Sept. 13, 2007. (Translation by co-author.)
  7. Gafafer WM: Peter Ludwig Panum’s "Observations on the Contagion of Measles." Isis (Univ. of Chicago Press); 24: (1) (Dec 1935): 90–101.[CrossRef]
  8. Panum PL: Iagttagelser, anstillede under Mæslinge-Epidemien paa Fæoerne I Aaret 1846 [Observations made during the measles epidemic on the Faroes in the year 1846]. Bibl. f. Læger 1847; 3R, 1:270–344.
  9. Panum PL: Beobachtungen uber das Masern-contagium. Virchow’s Arch Path Anat 1847; 1: 492–512.
  10. Panum PL: Om Fibrinen I Almindelighed og om dens Coagulation i Sædeleshed [On fibrin in general and its coagulation in particular]. Dissertion for his medical doctorate degree. Bibl f. Læger 1851; 3R: 206.
  11. Panum PL: Bidrag til Læren om den saakaldte putride eller septiske Infection [Contribution to the theory of so-called putrid or septic infection]. Bibl f. Læger 1856; 4R, 8: 253–285.
  12. Panum PL: Das putride Gift, die Bakterien, die putride Infection oder Intoxication und die Septicämie [Putrid poison, bacteria, putrid infection or toxicity and septicemia]. Virchow’s Arch Path Anat 1874; 60: 301–352.[CrossRef]
  13. Kolmos HJ: Panum’s studies on "putrid poison" 1856: An early description of endotoxin. Dan Med Bull 2006; 53: 450–452.[Medline]
  14. Panum PL: Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Physiologie u. Pathologie der Embolie, Transfusion u. Blutmenge. Virchow’s Arch Path Anat 1853; 17.
  15. Gjedde A. Peder Ludvig Panums videnskabelige indsats [Peter Ludvig Panum’s scientific achievements]. Bibl f. Læger (Suppl). Copenhagen: Costers Bogtrykkeri, 1971. (Translation by coauthor.)
  16. Piper HF: Peter Ludwig Panums sinnesphysiologische Arbeiten aus Kieler Jahren 1853–1864 [Peter Ludwig Panum’s sensory physiological works from his years in Kiel, 1853–1864]. Klin Monatsbl Augenhielkd 1999; 215: 73–77.[CrossRef]
  17. Panum PL Physiologiske Untersuchungen über das Sehen mit zwei Augen . Kiel: Schwerssche Buchhandlung; 1858.
  18. Panum PL: Über die einheitliche Verschmelzung verschiedenartiger Netzhauteindrücke beim Sehen mit zwei Augen [Rough translation: On the uniform blending of differing retinal impressions by the sight with two eyes]. Arch Anat Physiol 1861 [no volume given]: 63–111, 178–227.
  19. Panum PL: Die scheinbare Grösse des gesehenen Objekte. Graefes Arch Ophthalmol 1859; 5:1–36.
  20. Blanken RR: The apparent size of seen objects (Part II) [translation of Panum’s Die scheinbare Grösse des gesehenen Objekte]. Strabismus 2001; 9: 101–110.[CrossRef][Medline]
  21. Ogle KN: Panum’s fusional areas. In: Researches in Binocular Vision . Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co.; 1950. Chapter 2, pp. 10–17.
  22. von Noorden GK, Campos EC. Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility: Theory and Management of Strabismus, sixth edition. St. Louis: CV Mosby; 2002. pp. 16–21.
  23. Duke-Elder S: The physiology of the eye and of vision. In: System of Ophthalmology. St. Louis: CV Mosby Co.; 1968. pp. 682–683.
  24. Wheatstone C: Contributions to the physiology of vision, Part I. Trans R Soc London Biol Sci 1838; 128: 371.[CrossRef]
  25. Ogle KN: Panum’s fusional areas. In: Researches in Binocular Vision. pp. 41–68.
  26. Ogle KN, Martens TG, Dyer JA: Oculomotor imbalance in binocular vision and fixation disparity. Philadephia: Lea and Febiger; 1967. pp. 12–16.
  27. Ogle KN, Martens TG, Dyer JA: Oculomotor imbalance in binocular vision and fixation disparity . p. 58.
  28. Colman AM: Panum’s limiting case. In: A Dictionary of Psychology. New York: Oxford University Press; 2001.
  29. Schor CM, Tyler CW: Spatio-temporal properties of Panum’s fusional area. Vision Res 1981; 21: 683–692.[CrossRef][Medline]
  30. Harvald B, Walther S: Fraternal societies in Europe: The Danish Medical Society. J R Soc Med 1991; 84: 125.[Medline]




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