American Orthoptic Journal
Fresnel Prism and Lens Co.
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
 QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     


Amer. Orthoptic Jrnl. 59(1):26-30 (2009); doi:10.3368/aoj.59.1.26
This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Christoff, A.
Right arrow Search for Related Content

Symposium: Drifting Apart from Birth to Adulthood: How to Manage Exotropia

Preoperative Testing for Exotropia

Alex Christoff, C.O., C.O.T.

From the Krieger Children’s Eye Center at the Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be addressed to: Alex Christoff, C.O., C.O.T., Krieger Children’s Eye Center at the Wilmer Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287.


    Abstract
 TOP
 Abstract
 REFERENCES
 
The conservative goals of any preoperative assessment of exotropia are first and foremost to accurately predict the target angle, thus avoiding unplanned under- or over-corrections. The clinician also needs to assess the likelihood of prolonged postoperative diplopia, the threat of which may require special patient counseling and perhaps alternatives to strabismus surgery. Clinical considerations gleaned from the exotropia literature, past and present, are discussed in the context of developing a thorough and comprehensive approach to the preoperative assessment of exotropia.

Key words: exotropia, preoperative testing, sensory motor evaluation, postoperative diplopia


    REFERENCES
 TOP
 Abstract
 REFERENCES
 

  1. Cahill J: Treatment of exotropes. Am Orthopt J 1960; 10:113–117.[Medline]
  2. Walsh LA, et al.: The use of binocular visual acuity in the assessment of intermittent exotropia. J AAPOS 2000; 4:154–157.[Medline]
  3. Somer D, et al.: Accommodative ability in exotropia: Predictive value of surgical success. J AAPOS 2007; 11:460–464.[CrossRef][Medline]
  4. Saunders RA, et al.: Sensory results after lateral rectus muscle recession for intermittent exotropia operated before two years of age. J AAPOS 2008; 12:132–135.[CrossRef][Medline]
  5. Stathacopoulos RA, et al.: Distance stereoacuity: Assessing control in intermittent exotropia. Ophthalmology 1993; 100:495–500.[Medline]
  6. Hatt S, et al.: Variability of stereoacuity in intermittent exotropia. Am J Ophthalmol 2008; 145:556–561.[CrossRef][Medline]
  7. Kushner BJ: Exotropic deviations: A functional classification and approach to treatment. Am Orthopt J 1988; 38:81–93.
  8. Kushner BJ, Morton GV: Distance/near differences in intermittent exotropia. Arch Ophthalmol 1998; 116:478–486.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  9. Wright KA: Interactive Ophthalmology on CD-ROM: Textbook and Review . Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1997.
  10. Brodsky M, Fray K: Surgical management of exotropia with high AC /A ratio. J AAPOS 1998; 2:330–332.[CrossRef][Medline]
  11. Jampolski A: A simplified approach to strabismus diagnosis. In: Symposium on Strabismus: Transactions of the New Orleans Academy of Ophthalmology . St. Louis: CV Mosby Co.; 1971, p. 66.
  12. Shippman S, et al.: Prisms in the preoperative diagnosis of intermittent exotropia. Am Orthopt J 1988; 38:101–106.
  13. Dadeya S, et al.: Usefulness of the preoperative prism adaptation test in patients with intermittent exotropia. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2003; 40:85–89.[Medline]
  14. Ohtsuki H, et al.: Prism adaptation response is useful for predicting surgical outcome in selected types of intermittent exotropia. Am J Ophthalmol 2001; 131:117–122.[CrossRef][Medline]
  15. Ron A, Merin S: The use of the pre-op prism adaptation test (PAT) in the surgery for intermittent exotropia. Am Orthopt J 1988; 38:107–110.
  16. Parks MM: Comitant exodeviations in children. Strabismus. Symposium of the New Orleans Academy of Ophthalmology . St. Louis: Mosby Year Book, Inc.; 1962, p. 45.
  17. Meyer E, von Noorden GK, Avilla CW: Management of consecutive esotropia. In: Orthoptics: Research and Practice . London: H. Kimpton; 1981, p. 236.
  18. Repka MX, Arnoldi KA: Lateral incomitance in exotropia: Fact or artifact? J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1991; 28:125–128.[Medline]
  19. Burian HM, Smith DR: Comparative measurement of exodeviations at twenty and one hundred feet. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1971; 69:188–199.[Medline]
  20. Hunter D: Optical factors affecting the outcome of strabismus surgery. Am Orthopt J 2003; 53:2–6.[CrossRef]
  21. Sharma P, et al.: Evaluation of distance and near stereoacuity and fusional vergence in intermittent exotropia. Indian J Ophthalmol 2008; 56:121–125.[CrossRef][Medline]
  22. Kushner BJ: Intractable diplopia after strabismus surgery in adults. Arch Ophthalmol 2002; 120:1498–1504.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  23. Guyton DLUnpublished personal communication.
  24. Herzau V: How useful is anomalous retinal correspondence? Eye 1996; 10:266–269.[Medline]
  25. Castleberry C, Arnoldi KA: Predicting postoperative paradoxical diplopia. Am Orthopt J 2003; 53:88–96.[CrossRef]
  26. Morris L: Preoperative binocular considerations. Am Orthopt J 2003; 53:88–96.[CrossRef]
  27. Rutstein RP, Bessant B: Horror fusionis: A report of five patients. J Am Optom Assoc 1996; 67: 733–739.[Medline]




This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Christoff, A.
Right arrow Search for Related Content


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS

Copyright 2009 by The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System